Research progress in the taxonomic identification of algae on the basis of molecular markers

藻类鉴定被广泛应用于藻类遗传学、生理学、生态学和应用藻类学，尤其是藻类调查和评估.然而，基于形态学的鉴定往往因为分类特征未出现或不典型、设备限制和人员经验欠缺等原因带来较大误差.随着测序技术的不断发展，分子标记已成为藻类鉴定的一个通用工具.由于藻类类群众多且差异很大，分子标记的选择成为藻类鉴定的关键.本文综述了蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、甲藻、裸藻、隐藻、金藻、黄藻、红藻和褐藻等主要门类分子标记的选择及应用进展，包括分子标记选择原则、常用标记和相应序列数据库，以及各个分子标记在不同类群应用中的优缺点等.藻类分子鉴定源于编码核糖体RNA的基因（rDNA），发展于细胞核、线粒体、叶绿体DNA等.然而，当前藻类分子鉴定逐渐细化和完善，单一的核糖体DNA、内转录间隔区（ITS）和保守蛋白编码基因等短序列分子标记已经很难满足藻类鉴定的需求，多标记组合成为一种必然选择.同时，线粒体基因组、叶绿体基因组、核基因组、转录组和宏基因组等提供了更多遗传进化信息，弥补了短序列分子标记在系统分类应用中的不足.对于藻类鉴定，单纯依赖分子标记或形态学都不足以保证鉴定的准确性，采用将分子生物学、形态学、生理生化学等结合的多相学方法，才能准确地完成鉴定工作.此外，藻类分子数据库的建立和完善是未来分子鉴定的重要工作，快速鉴定方法也必将在未来获得广泛的应用和发展.;Taxonomic identification of algae is widely used in algal genetics, physiology, ecology, applied phycology, and particularly bioassessment. Errors have been caused by the inherent problems atypical or absent taxonomic features, research-grade microscopes, inadequate expertise. In recent years, as longer, cheaper, faster DNA sequencing technologies become more accessible, molecular markers increasingly universal tools identification. The selection critical for because there are obvious differences among various phyla. We reviewed progress selecting applying Cyanophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chlorophyta, Pyrrophyta, Euglenophyta, Cryptophyta, Chrysophyta, Xanthophyta, Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, examined principles governing selection, common markers, improvements sequence database, advantages disadvantages application different Identifying species using nucleic, mitochondrial, chloroplast has commonplace years. To date, it considered that combining multiple ribosomal (rDNA), internal transcribed spacers (ITS), conserved protein coding genes much effective than a single marker addition, chloroplast, nuclear genome, transcriptome, metagenome contain large amounts phylogenetic information, their use becoming significant analysis well classification algae. Potentially, they represent giant future research into systematics. Phylogenetic on basis together with morphological insufficient exact A polyphasic approach-combining features from biology, morphology, biochemistry-has will strategy choice accurate systematic Databases essential identification, work needs to be done perfect databases each alga. rapid approach future.